Displaying items by tag: critical threshold

Thomas Hamori and Changhui Tan

Abstract

We present a new family of second-order traffic flow models, extending the Aw-Rascle-Zhang (ARZ) model to incorporate nonlocal interactions. Our model includes a specific nonlocal Arrhenius-type look-ahead slowdown factor. We establish both local and global well-posedness theories for these nonlocal ARZ models.
In contrast to the local ARZ model, where generic smooth initial data typically lead to finite-time shock formation, we show that our nonlocal ARZ model exhibits global regularity for a class of smooth subcritical initial data. Our result highlights the potential of nonlocal interactions to mitigate shock formations in second-order traffic flow models.
Our analytical approach relies on investigating phase plane dynamics. We introduce a novel comparison principle based on a mediant inequality to effectively handle the nonlocal information inherent in our model.

This work is supported by NSF grants DMS #2108264 and DMS #2238219

Thomas Hamori and Changhui Tan

Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications, Volume 73, 103899, (2023).

Abstract

We study a class of traffic flow models with nonlocal look-ahead interactions. The global regularity of solutions depend on the initial data. We obtain sharp critical threshold conditions that distinguish the initial data into a trichotomy: subcritical initial conditions lead to global smooth solutions, while two types of supercritical initial conditions lead to two kinds of finite time shock formations. The existence of non-trivial subcritical initial data indicates that the nonlocal look-ahead interactions can help avoid shock formations, and hence prevent the creation of traffic jams.

	doi:10.1016/j.nonrwa.2023.103899
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	This work is supported by NSF grant DMS #1853001 and DMS #2108264
	This work is supported by a UofSC VPR ASPIRE I grant

Manas Bhatnagar, Hailiang Liu and Changhui Tan

Journal of Differential Equations, Volume 375, pp. 82-119 (2023)

Abstract

This paper is concerned with the global wellposedness of the Euler-Poisson-alignment (EPA) system. This system arises from collective dynamics, and features two types of nonlocal interactions: the repulsive electric force and the alignment force. It is known that the repulsive electric force generates oscillatory solutions, which is difficult to be controlled by the nonlocal alignment force using conventional comparison principles. We construct invariant regions such that the solution trajectories cannot exit, and therefore obtain global wellposedness for subcritical initial data that lie in the invariant regions. Supercritical regions of initial data are also derived which leads to finite-time singularity formations. To handle the oscillation and the nonlocality, we introduce a new way to construct invariant regions piece by piece in the phase plane of a reformulation of the EPA system. Our result is extended to the case when the alignment force is weakly singular. The singularity leads to the loss of a priori bounds crucial in our analysis. With the help of improved estimates on the nonlocal quantities, we design non-trivial invariant regions that guarantee global wellposedness of the EPA system with weakly singular alignment interactions.

	doi:10.1016/j.jde.2023.07.049
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	This work is supported by NSF grants DMS #1853001, DMS #2108264 and DMS 2238219

Eitan Tadmor, and Changhui Tan

SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis, Volume 54, No. 4, pp. 4277-4296 (2022)

Abstract

We study the global wellposedness of the Euler-Monge-Ampère (EMA) system. We obtain a sharp, explicit critical threshold in the space of initial configurations which guarantees the global regularity of EMA system with radially symmetric initial data. The result is obtained using two independent approaches -- one using spectral dynamics of Liu & Tadmor [Comm. Math. Physics 228(3):435-466, 2002] and another based on the geometric approach of Brenier & Loeper [Geom. Funct. Analysis 14(6):1182--1218, 2004]. The results are extended to 2D radial EMA with swirl.

	doi:10.1137/21M1437767
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	This work is supported by NSF grant DMS #1853001 and DMS #2108264

Yongki Lee, and Changhui Tan

Communications in Mathematical Sciences, Volume 20, No. 4, pp. 1151-1172 (2022).

Abstract

We study a Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) type traffic flow model, with a nonlocal look-ahead interaction that has a slow-down effect depending on the traffic ahead. We show a sharp critical threshold condition on the initial data that distinguishes global smooth solutions and finite- time wave breakdown. It is well-known that the LWR model leads to a finite-time shock formation, representing the creation of traffic jams, for generic smooth initial data with finite mass. Our result shows that the nonlocal slowdown effect can help to prevent shock formations, for a class of subcritical initial data.

	doi:10.4310/CMS.2022.v20.n4.a9
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	This work is supported by NSF grants DMS #1853001 and DMS #2108264
	This work is supported by a UofSC VPR ASPIRE I grant

Changhui Tan

Nonlinearity, Volume 33, No 4, pp. 1907-1924 (2020).

Abstract

We study the pressureless Euler equations with nonlocal alignment interactions, which arises as a macroscopic representation of the Cucker–Smale model on animal flocks. For the Euler-alignment system with bounded interactions, a critical threshold phenomenon is proved in Tadmor and Tan (2014 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 372 20130401), where global regularity depends on initial data. With strongly singular interactions, global regularity is obtained in Do et al (2018 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 228 1–37), for all initial data. We consider the remaining case when the interaction is weakly singular. We show a critical threshold, similar to the system with bounded interaction. However, different global behaviors may happen for critical initial data, which reveals the unique structure of the weakly singular alignment operator.

	doi:10.1088/1361-6544/ab6c39
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	This work is supported by NSF grant DMS #1853001